There are Ruby and sapphire in corundum minerals, which are recognized as the two most precious colored gemstones in the world. Ruby is the English word for ruby. In the Bible, ruby is the most precious of all gemstones. The red color of ruby makes people always associate words with passion and love. It is known as "stone of love", which symbolizes the beauty, eternity and firmness of love. Ruby is the birthstone of July. Sapphire, whose English name is sapphire, is believed by ancient Persians to be the reflection of sapphire that makes the sky blue. It is regarded as a symbol of loyalty and prestige. Sapphire is the birthstone of September.anionic polyacrylamide https://www.yrdcarbon.com/products/chemical/anionic-polyacrylamide.html

Mineral name: corundum, belonging to corundum group mineralogically.

Chemical composition: the chemical composition of corundum is aluminum oxide, which can contain trace impurity elements such as Fe, Ti, Cr, Mn, V, etc. Impurity elements can replace A13 + in the lattice in the form of equivalent ions or heterovalent ions, or exist in the form of mechanical mixture in the crystal. The main component is aluminum oxide. Corundum has gem grade and industrial grade. Gem grade corundum includes Ruby and sapphire. Industrial grade industry is mainly used for refractories.

Color: the color of corundum is very rich. It includes almost all the colors of red, orange, yellow, green, green, blue and purple in the visible spectrum. Corundum is a kind of heterochromic mineral, which is colorless when it is pure and can cause color when there are trace elements in the crystal lattice. Different trace elements lead to different colors, among which CR mainly leads to red, while Fe and Ti combine to cause blue.

Gloss and transparence: polished surface has bright glass luster to adamantine luster, transparent to opaque.

Optical property: the negative light property of the uniaxial crystal of corundum, and the abnormal biaxial crystal light property in some cases.
Refractive index and birefringence: the refractive index of corundum is 1.762 ~ 1.770 (+ 0.009, - 0.005), and the birefringence is 0.008 ~ 0.010

Hardness: the Mohs hardness of corundum is 9

Density: the density of corundum mineral is 4.00 (+ 0.10, - 0.05) g / cm3. The higher the content of Cr, Fe and other trace elements, the higher the density. The density of dark blue gem in Shandong Province of China is 4.17g/cm3.

Internal and external microscopic characteristics: corundum can contain rich solid inclusion, gas-liquid two-phase inclusion and characteristic growth structure.polyacrylamide powder for sale https://www.yrdcarbon.com/products/chemical/

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